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1. What is diabetes? Diabetes is a common endocrine diseases, Because the body is insulin absolute or relative lack of glucose and glucose concentrations increased, then a large number of sugar from the urine discharge, and there is more drinking, overeating, weight loss, dizziness, weakness and other symptoms. Further development has been the subject of serious systemic acute and chronic complications, threatening their health. With diabetes duration of the disease, the body's metabolism such as access to good control, which can lead to eye, kidney, nerve, such as cardiac and vascular tissues and organs of chronic complications, eventually happened blind, lower extremity damage, uremia, stroke or myocardial infarction, or even life-threatening. With the improvement of living standards, diabetes has become a common diseases, the incidence of diabetes is increasing year after year. Developed diabetes prevalence rate as high as 5% to 10%, China's average prevalence rate has reached 3% Some cities close to the prevalence in developed countries. 2. Diabetes type (1) Type 1 Diabetes type 1 diabetes, diabetic patients account for about 10% of the total. often occur in children and adolescents. It can happen at any age, even at the age of 80-90 also sick. Cause is insulin by the cell-mediated autoimmune destruction, not its own synthesis and secretion of insulin. (2) Type 2 Diabetes Type 2 diabetes, diabetes accounts for about 90% of the total, mostly in the age of onset after the age of 35, slow onset, and conceal some of the patients health checks or check for other diseases found. Type 2 diabetes patients, about 60% of the body weight of overweight or obese. Long-term excessive diet, high intake of calories, weight increase, as well as obesity, obesity after the lead to insulin resistance, elevated blood sugar, ketonemia no obvious trend. Most of the patients in control diet and oral hypoglycemic agents stable after treatment glucose; However, there are some patients in particular the non-obese patients need exogenous insulin to control blood sugar. Type 2 diabetes is obvious genetic, and the frequency of HLA antigen unrelated. (3) gestational diabetes in pregnant women found the original diabetes in pregnancy usually in the second trimester or later discovered diabetes, known as gestational diabetes mellitus. Have diabetes before pregnancy, gestational diabetes patients, diabetic patients as pregnancy. For early detection of diabetic pregnancy, usually in 24-28 weeks of pregnancy, oral administration of 50 grams of glucose, Sugar service half an hour after the blood test for glucose, glucose value if less than 7.8 cents mole / liter, may be excluded from gestational diabetes mellitus. If blood glucose greater than or equal to 7.8 mm mole / liter, it is possible pregnancy diabetes, need to take 100 grams of glucose tolerance test for diagnosis. (4) a special diabetes) cell function caused by genetic defects occurred adult-juvenile diabetes (MODY), Most age of onset before the age of 25, after the onset of at least five years or more do not need insulin treatment, is autosomal dominant inheritance. B) abnormal insulin gene caused diabetes. C) exocrine pancreatic diseases, such as pancreatitis, hemochromatosis, pancreatic resection caused by diabetes. D) endocrine diseases, such as acromegaly, Cushing's syndrome, pheochromocytoma, hyperthyroidism caused by diabetes. E) drug or chemical agents caused by diabetes. F) infection such as congenital rubella virus, cytomegalovirus infection caused by diabetes. G) a rare immune-mediated diabetes as insulin autoimmune syndrome. H) with diabetes other genetic syndrome. 3. The typical symptoms of diabetes (1) "a little more than 3" : multiple, polyuria, polyphagia, emaciated. (2) the occurrence of the typical symptoms of a fast, slow, light to heavy, these symptoms are different for every patient, a disease may be obvious, other prominent symptoms. Type 2 diabetes at the onset of symptoms is relatively slow, difficult to attract attention. Type 1 diabetes onset of symptoms often more apparent. 4. DIABETES genetic factors : a family of diabetics, their diabetes opportunities in the higher than normal. Obesity : middle age due to excessive food intake, lack of exercise, calories Poly growing body fat easy, easy with diabetes. Mental pressure : the chronic under pressure from the spirit of the people likely to cause endocrine disorders caused diabetes. Drugs : some drugs such as solid-type alcohol, oral contraceptives, can also cause diabetes. Pregnancy : pregnancy hormone changes, as one of the reasons diabetes. 5. What is normal blood glucose blood glucose is the presence of glucose, glucose said blood glucose concentration. In normal glucose fluctuations within a certain range, glucose oxidase rules intravenous plasma glucose level, fasting plasma glucose 3.4-6.2 mm in mole / liter; 2-hour blood sugar after meals is not more than 7.8 cents mole / liter.

英语翻译，有关生物基因重组

过去十年目睹的计算机科学与技术以令人目眩的速度飞速进展

翻译是“Over

the

past

decade

has

witnessed

a

computer

science

and

technology

to

the

rapid

progress

of

dizzying

pace”

由于基因工作的发展，总有一天医生们能够用健康的基因来取代背损坏的基因，从此再也无人会因为癌症而死亡

翻译是“Because

genes

work

in

development,

and

one

day

doctors

can

use

healthy

genes

to

replace

damaged

genes

back,

never

ever

no

one

will

be

dying

of

cancer.”

因为很难预测这种新药会对病人产生何种影响，也许从一开始我们就不应该吧这种药给他

翻译“Because

it

is

difficult

to

predict

what

impact

the

new

drug

to

patients,

perhaps

from

the

very

beginning

we

should

not

bar

this

medicine

to

give

him.”

翻译成英语！！！！

一个基因是一套段核酸含有必要的信息以产生一种功能性RNA的产品,在一种有控制的方法。它们包含在什么条件下调整区域口述本产品是用口述,转录地区相序的RNA产品,和/或其他的功能性排序地区。身体的发展及表型的有机体可以被认为是一个产品的基因相互作用和环境,而基因可以被视为单位的产业

帮忙翻译成英语呀！！！！！

1 Ecological level, cloning technology lead to gene replication, poses a threat to the maintenance of genetic diversity, biological evolution in a reverse of the reverse process, that is, from complex to simple, the biological survival is extremely unfavourable.

2 Cultural level, human cloning was reproductive alternatives and the negative, broke the biological evolution of self-discipline, with typical anti-natural properties. And today's emerging advocating harmony between man and nature, nature of the basic cultural trend.

3 Philosophical level, by cloning technology implementation of self-replicating and self-realization, may cause the relationship between the mind. Is repetitive and not alternative personality requirements due to large numbers of replication by uniqueness, loss of self and their personality traits of the natural foundations and biology.

4 The growth of consanguinity constitute the social structure and social relations. Why do different countries, almost all different races against human cloning, because it is an alternative reproductive mode, now single-parent families children's educational issues of concern, is concerned about an emotional nurturing the growth of the problem, people are sexual reproduction, parents raising state, had been for thousands of years, the emergence of human cloning, the community response, human cloning and the relationship between human cloning was what is?

5 Identity and social rights difficult to distinguish. If one day, suddenly there are 20 son to your property, their fingerprints, genes are the same, what is not to like automobile tags according to the same in their forehead engraved the cloning of human beings in Sichuan-A0001, A0002, Sichuan to recognize the tag.

6 May support a clone who has a point: solve problems could not be fertile. But a fertile people clone of the next generation will not fertility.

7 You think you are superior, clone out of people in addition to the blood type, face, fingerprint, gene and you, its personality, behavior may be completely different, can you guarantee that human cloning is and you like best and not go astray?

8 In the study of human cloning, if an exception occurs, the defective clone people cannot clone animals freely disposed, this is a hassle. So in the present circumstances, not just concepts, including the entire social structure do not know how to accept human cloning.

9 According to the information on the early sexual organisms clone, "Victoria" is, and thus is dead.

10 Life is no longer valuable!!!

11 Clone of harm: on ethics in the territories, the behaviour concerned human cloning to a very serious ethical problems, because it violated the basic principles of ethics, such as not to harm principle, the principle of self-determination, the principle of equality, and so on.

interest

1 cloning and genetic breeding

In agriculture, people use "cloning" technology has developed a drought, lodging-resistance diseases, insects, and the high quality varieties can greatly improve the food production. In this aspect of China has entered the most advanced.

2 cloning technology and endangered species protection

Cloning techniques to protect species of rare and endangered species, especially the Gospel, is a great prospect of application. From the perspective of biological cloning technology, it is also one of the most valuable.

3 cloning technology and medicine

In contemporary China, doctors can almost in all human organs and organization of transplant. But science and technology, the organ transplant rejection is still the most headaches. Rejection is not in poor compatibility matches. If the "clone" of the original organ provide ", "made in organ transplantation, absolutely no rejection, because the two genes, the organization also suitable match. Problem is, using "clone" as donors and does not accord with the humanity? Whether lawful? Economy is cost-effective?

Cloning technology is used to multiply valuable gene, for example, in medicine, it is through "cloning" technology produces insulin therapy for diabetes patients, that pygmyism again the high growth hormone and resistant to infection of the interferon, etc.

4 the growth cycle is short, stable genetic traits

5 cloning technology can relieve those who cannot become the mother of women's pain.

6 the implementation of cloning experiments to promote the development of genetics, for the manufacture of animals can be transplanted organ opened prospects.

7 cloning technology can be used to test the fetus genetic defects. Be used to detect various fertilized cloning and genetic diseases of cloned embryos and the development of the fetal genetic characteristics is identical.

8 cloning technology can be used for the treatment of the nervous system. Adult neural tissue regeneration, but not stem cells can repair neurological damage.

9 the in vitro fertilization, doctors often need surgery to implant due to multiple eggs to enter a pregnancy stages. But many women fertilized eggs used to provide a only. Through cloning can well solve the problem. The eggs can be used more than cloning, which greatly improve fertilization pregnancy rate.

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